Focus Article Alert: October 2017

FOCUS Article Alert is a monthly collection of important documents in U.S.-Taiwan relations and other recent information from the U.S. about the environment, economy, arts, society, culture, and government.

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1. 美國在台協會副處長傅德恩 2017國際環境夥伴會議開幕典禮致詞稿

Remarks by AIT Deputy Director Robert Forden at the 2017 International Environmental Partnership Conference.  

OT1717, September 22, 2017, 2 pages.
“The United States is proud to continue our cooperation with Taiwan through the International Environmental Partnership, or IEP, which was launched by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, and Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2014.” (From AIT)

2. Allison, Graham.
China vs. America: Managing the Next Clash of Civilizations.

Foreign Affairs, Sep/Oct 2017 Issues, 8 pages.
“As Americans awaken to a rising China that now rivals the United States in every arena, many seek comfort in the conviction that as China grows richer and stronger, it will follow in the footsteps of Germany, Japan, and other countries that have undergone profound transformations and emerged as advanced liberal democracies.”(From Foreign Affairs

3. Oliker, Olga and Heather A. Conley.
A Roadmap for U.S.-Russia Relations.  (PDF, 9.67MB)

Center for Strategic and International Studies, August 14, 2017, 104 pages.
“The analyses that follow examine prospects for Russia-U.S. cooperation in several crucial regions and fields: economics, energy, the Arctic, Euro-Atlantic security, the Middle East, strategic stability, cybersecurity, and countering terrorism and extremism. They offer actionable recommendations in each area, some of which can, and should be undertaken today, and some of which should be considered by policymakers in Moscow and Washington as they chart a course through dangerous and uncertain times.” (From CSIS)

4. O’Rourke, Ronald.
Maritime Territorial and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Disputes Involving China: Issues for Congress. (PDF, 2.23MB)

Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, August 17, 2017, 92 pages.
“This report provides background information and issues for Congress on maritime territorial and exclusive economic zone (EEZ) disputes in the East China (ECS) and South China Sea (SCS) involving China, with a focus on how these disputes may affect U.S. strategic and policy interests.” (From CRS report)

5. Chander, Anupam.
What the Trump Administration’s NAFTA Priorities Get Right (and Wrong) About Digital Trade

Council on Foreign Relations, September 15, 2017, 8 pages.
“The renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is an excellent opportunity to set the gold standard for digital free trade. Despite public pronouncements about the harm free trade causes to the steel and automobile industries, the Donald J. Trump administration, to its credit, recognizes the importance of removing digital trade barriers in its stated objectives for the NAFTA renegotiation. In its negotiations with Canada and Mexico, the Trump administration should seek rules limiting data localization, promote a balanced approach to intellectual property protections, support cross-border privacy rules, and remove barriers that hinder the trade of services.” (From Council on Foreign Relations)

6. Hafner, Marco and others.
Later School Start Times in the U.S.: An Economic Analysis.     (PDF, 1.07MB)

Rand, August 30, 2017, 57 pages.
“The study estimates changes in the economic performance of 47 U.S. states following a delayed school start time, which includes the benefits of higher academic performance of students and reduced car crash rates. The benefit-cost projections of this study suggest that delaying school start times is a cost-effective, population-level strategy which could have a significant impact on public health and the U.S. economy. From a policy perspective, the study’s findings demonstrate the significant economic gains resulting from the delay in school start times over a relatively short period of time following the adoption of the policy change.”  (From Rand)

7. Melek, Nida Çakir and others.
The U.S. Shale Oil Boom, the Oil Export Ban, and the Economy: A General Equilbrium Analysis. 

National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2017, 61 pages.
“This paper examines the effects of the U.S. shale oil boom in a two-country DSGE model where countries produce crude oil, refined oil products, and a non-oil good. The model incorporates different types of crude oil that are imperfect substitutes for each other as inputs into the refining sector. The model is calibrated to match oil market and macroeconomic data for the U.S. and the rest of the world (ROW). We investigate the implications of a significant increase in U.S. light crude oil production similar to the shale oil boom. Consistent with the data, our model predicts that light oil prices decline, U.S. imports of light oil fall dramatically, and light oil crowds out the use of medium crude by U.S. refiners. In addition, fuel prices fall and U.S. GDP rises.” (From the National Bureau of Economic Research)

8.  Stewart, Katherine and others.
Digital Currency and the Future of Transacting.  

Rand, August 30, 2017, 12 pages.
“Digital platforms have facilitated the emergence of new forms of currency and transaction platforms to support different ways of value exchange. This perspective explores the changing the ways we transact and the associated societal impacts. The landscape of innovations in this sphere is broad and fast moving, thought should be given to the potential impact of these changes on wider society, and how they could be harnessed by government, communities and individuals for societal good. This perspective explores how digital platforms are changing the ways we transact and exchange value and the associated societal impact.”(From Rand)

9.  Lopez, Gustavo and others.
Key Facts about Asian Americans, a Diverse and Growing Population.   

Pew Research Center, September 8, 2017, 4 pages.
“The U.S. Asian population is diverse. A record 20 million Asian Americans trace their roots to more than 20 countries in East and Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent, each with unique histories, cultures, languages and other characteristics.” ( From Pew Research Center )

10. Schanzenbach, Diane Whitmore and others.
Who Is Out of the Labor Force?    (PDF, 1.08MB)

Brookings, August 2017, 11 pages.
“In 2016, over one-third (37.2 percent) of adults in the United States—including nearly one-fifth (18.7 percent) of prime working age adults (between 25 and 54 years old)—were not in the workforce. The large number of adults who are not in the labor force is a puzzle that cannot be fully accounted for by factors like baby boomers aging out of the workforce, women engaged in caregiving, or recent college graduates delaying the responsibilities of adulthood.” (From the Bookings)

11.  Thornton, Susan A.
North Korea Policy.   

Department of State, September 12, 2017, 2 pages.
“The threat posed by North Korea’s ballistic missile and nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction (WMD) program is gravely serious, and one that warrants immediate and urgent attention, as this Administration has provided. The test of a nuclear device on September 3, North Korea’s sixth nuclear test, is an unacceptable provocation that ignores repeated calls from the international community for a change in North Korea’s behavior.” (From Department of State)

12. Karam, Rita and Gail L. Zellman
Educating Syrian Refugees: Challenges Facing Host Countries.  

Rand, September 15, 2017, 3 pages.
“This massive influx of refugees has created an education crisis for the host countries, as a large proportion of these refugees are school-aged children. However, this increased educational demand is not being met. As economic, political, and social influences continue to shape responses to the crisis, both host and wealthy countries in the region must recognize the permanency of refugees within their borders and work to develop sustainable long-term education services to refugee children.” (From Rand)

13. Roy, Denny.
Misunderstanding North Korea.  

East-West Center, August 2017, 8 pages.
“As North Korea gets closer to deploying working nuclear missiles, it is more important than ever to dispense with four common misunderstandings. First, characterizations of the regime as irrational are wrong. Fundamentally weak and deeply insecure, North Korea tries to compensate by cultivating an image of eagerness to go to war in the hope of intimidating its adversaries. Second, paranoid about subversion, Pyongyang is extremely unlikely to exchange its nuclear weapons for greater trade opportunities with democratic countries. Third, the option of using military action to prevent North Korea from getting nuclear missiles is not “on the table.” Finally, depending on China to solve the problem is fruitless because the Chinese fear a collapse of the regime more than they fear a nuclear-armed North Korea. Seoul, Tokyo, and Washington should focus on mitigating the dangers of living with deliverable North Korean bombs.” (From East-West Center)

14. Horrigan, John B.
How People Approach Facts and Information.  (PDF, 1.01MB)

Pew Research Center, September 11, 2017, 35 pages.
“People deal in varying ways with tensions about what information to trust and how much they want to learn. Some are interested and engaged with information; others are wary and stressed” (From Pew Research Center)

15. Rainie, Lee and Janna Anderson.
The Fate of Online Trust in the Next Decade.  

Pew Research Center, August 10, 2017, 89 pages.
““Many experts say lack of trust will not be a barrier to increased public reliance on the internet. Those who are hopeful that trust will grow expect technical and regulatory change will combat users’ concerns about security and privacy. Those who have doubts about progress say people are inured to risk, addicted to convenience and will not be offered alternatives to online interaction. Some expect the very nature of trust will change” (From Pew Research Center)

16.  Horizon Report: 2017 K-12 Education Edition.  

The New Media Consortium, September 7, 2017, 64 pages.
“The report examines emerging technologies for their potential impact on and use in teaching, learning, and creative inquiry in schools.” (From the New Media Consortium)

17.  Molla, Rani.
Tech Companies Spend More on R&D than any Other Companies in the U.S.

Recode, September 1, 2017, 3 pages.
“Tech companies lead top U.S. companies in R&D spending. Led by Amazon, Alphabet, Intel, Microsoft and Apple, tech companies spent more on research and development than any other companies in the S&P 500 that reported such data, according to FactSet data from the most recent fiscal year.” (From Recode)